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Last Updated:
9 September 2021
XrayAME is a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) for chest X-rays that can be used as a screening and triage test to identify tuberculosis (TB) patients from chest X-rays in under-resourced communities.
Certification
Pending
Development Stage
Online web interface: on the market; mobile application: under development
Deployment
Online & offline
Intended Age Group
18+ years
Target Setting
Primary health centres, teleradiology companies, government/public sector, e.g. national TB programme
Current Market
Pakistan, the Philippines, South Africa, Brazil, Uganda, Cambodia
Input
»» Compatible with any digital chest X-ray machine (vendor neutral)
»» Chest X-ray image format: JPEG, PNG, DICOM
»» Chest X-ray type: posterior-anterior chest X-ray, anterior-posterior chest X-ray
»» Other requirements: none
Output
Structured report including:
»» Heat map
»» Dichotomous output only indicating whether TB is likely present or likely absent
»» Probability score for TB
»» The default threshold score for "Highly likely of TB" is 75. Any score above 40 is considered "Suspicious". Any score below 40 is considered "Unlikely TB". All score thresholds can be adjusted per application based on the required true positive and false positive rate at a given threshold and for a given patient population.
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Hardware
For cloud solution: a web interface running on a desktop PC or tablet.
For offline solution: a device with power supply that hosts a DICOM C-Store and local user interface is provided.
Validation
Recommended: calibration of score thresholds of the software output based on a reference set (500) of classified images obtained from the given machine and patient population.
Hardware
For cloud solution: a web interface running on a desktop PC or tablet.
For offline solution: a device with power supply that hosts a DICOM C-Store and local user interface is provided.
Server
The cloud server requires 32 GB RAM, 8 cores and 500 GB disk space. The offline device requires 4 GB RAM.
Integration
EPCON uses DICOM C-Store and all other legacy integrations will need to be discussed on a case-by-case basis.
Software
Any modern web browser
Processing Time
20 seconds
Data Sharing & Privacy
»» Server location (for online product): current server located in South Africa, but local or national servers can be set up if required
»» No DICOM pixel data or metadata are shared with the manufacturers during use of the product
»» De-identification: No DICOM metadata are saved by the tool and only the extracted images are displayed. However, identifying information printed on the image is not removed
Price
»» Pricing is adjusted in line with project scope and availability of budget. In a commercial setting, transactional pricing models can be applied. For social impact projects EPCON supports free CAD readings as part of the CAD4Good programme
»» Public/private pricing difference: hardware and travel costs are required for the offline solution. Support requirements may be more in offline settings
»» Upfront installation/set-up costs: travel and installation support of offline devices. Server set-up and running costs for national or local installations. Offline device installation includes hardware and set-up costs and range from €1000 to €5000
Software Updates
»» Quarterly software updates
»» Updates are included in the license fee. No cost difference between public and private sector
»» Extra costs: none. Updates are included in support costs
Product Development Method
Supervised deep learning (CNN, RNN)
Training
The product was trained on 10 000 chest X-rays from South Africa, Nepal and China
Reference Standard
GeneXpert and human reader
Publications
Peer-reviewed publications are not yet available.
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